Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Long-Term Integrated Crop–Livestock System with Two Levels of P and K Fertilization

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions resulting from nitrogen (N) fertilization have been documented. However, no data on the effects of other nutrients, such as phosphate (P) and potassium (K), N2O in integrated crop–livestock systems are available so far. In 2015/2016 2016/2017 growing seasons, we measured a long-term system, established 1991 Cerrado biome (a tropical savanna ecoregion Brazil), fertilized with two P K levels. The studied no-tillage farming consisted continuous crops half recommended rates (CC-F1), at (CC-F2), an system (ICL-F1), (ICL-F2). cumulative (603 days) soil chemical properties were analyzed 2 × factorial design (long-term agricultural x fertilization). CC-F2 ICL-F1 2.74 1.12 kg N ha−1, respectively. yield-scaled soybean 55.5% lower than season. For off-season sorghum, mean 216 mg m−2 kg−1 (in range 79.83 to 363.52 kg−1, for ICL-F2 CC-F1, respectively). absence pasture presence sorghum promoted highest emissions, favored by rate relation K. total evaluation period days), grazed land years prior this study reduced 59%. Thus, conclude that can be beneficial reducing applications also mitigating comparison cropping full rates. view global fertilizer crisis, aspect is extremely relevant agriculture Brazil around world.